SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE CHANCROID - Dr. Naval Kumar

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• TO KNOW ABOUT THE CHANCROID:- 
                     Chancroid is a bacterial infection that causes open sores on or around the genitals of men and women. It’s a type of sexually transmitted disease (STD), which means it’s transmitted through sexual contact. It occurs most frequently in developing countries. The bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi causes this infection. It attacks tissue in the genital area and produces an open sore that’s sometimes referred to as a chancroid or ulcer. The ulcer may bleed or produce a contagious fluid that can spread bacteria during oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse. Chancroid may also spread from skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.


• CAUSES AND MODE OF TREATMENT:-
                     Chancroid is a bacterial infection caused by the fastidious Gram-negative streptobacillus Haemophilus ducreyi. It is a disease found primarily in developing countries, most prevalent in low socioeconomic groups, associated with commercial sex workers.
You can get chancroid sores or spread them through skin-to-skin contact with open sores, from hands that have touched a sore, or from sex toys such as vibrators that have touched a sore. At the same time you can get the disease after touching someone’s skin with a sore. It is one of the ways when Chancroid may be caught even without sexual activity through contact with infected fluid of other ulcers. 

• SYMPTOMS OF CHANCROID:-
                      The following symptoms can occur in both men and women:-

• The ulcers can vary in size and are usually anywhere from 1/8 to 2 inches across.
• The ulcers have a soft center that’s gray to yellowish-gray with defined, or sharp, edges.
• The ulcers may bleed easily if touched.
• Pain may occur during sexual intercourse or while urinating.
• Swelling in the groin, which is where the lower abdomen and thigh meet, may occur.
• Swollen lymph nodes can break through the skin and lead to large abscesses, or collections of pus, that drain.
• DIAGNOSIS OF CHANCROID:-
1. Physical examination
                        Ulcers usually measure 1 to 2 cm and have sharply demarcated borders with ragged, undermined edges and a friable base. The base may be covered with a grayish or yellow exudate. Induration is not present.
• In men, the majority of ulcers are located on the prepuce or frenulum, or in the coronal sulcus. Less commonly, the glans, penile shaft, meatus, or anus is involved.
• In women, ulcers are usually on the fourchette, labia, vestibule, or clitoris. Larger periurethral ulcers may be present. The vaginal walls and cervix should be inspected, as these lesions are often painless and go unnoticed. Female patients are less likely to develop ulceration. Vaginal discharge may be present.

2. Sample collection
• Genital swabs- The base of the ulcer is flushed with sterile saline. Tissue is collected from the cleansed ulcer base and undermined margins with a Dacron, cotton, or calcium alginate swab.. Four samples should be taken. Any urethral or vaginal discharge should also be swabbed.
• Bubo aspirates- A needle and syringe should be used to aspirate the purulent material. The needle should be inserted through normal tissue to reduce contamination.
3. Detection of H ducreyi
• Gram staining- The classic appearance is of gram-negative coccobacilli or slender bacilli in a railroad or chaining pattern. Gram staining is not a reliable finding (sensitivity 5%-63%; specificity 51%-99%) because of the polymicrobial flora of most genital ulcers. 
• Culture- This is the diagnostic standard, in spite of relatively low sensitivity (53%-92%).  The organism is fastidious and difficult to culture. Specialized media are required to optimize growth. Use of 2 different types of media increases sensitivity. The recovery of H ducreyi is improved if culture is attempted in more than 1 type of media (MH-HB and/or GC-HgS). Vancomycin 3 micrograms/mL is added to inhibit growth of other bacteria.
• Nucleic acid detection- There is no FDA-cleared PCR tests for H ducreyi available in the US. However, some clinical laboratories have developed their own PCR test and have conducted CLIA verification studies in genital specimens. The sensitivity (98%) and specificity (53% to 90%) for detection of chancroid are better than with other methods.  
• Serology- Serologic tests to identify antibodies against H ducreyi are available.

• PREVENTION FROM CHANCROID:-
• Avoid sex when you about it weather you or your partner is suffered from this condition.
• Use a new male or female condom every time for vaginal, anal or oral sex.
• Use a new dental dam or latex gloves for rimming and fingering (exploring your partner’s anus with your fingers, mouth or tongue) and use latex gloves for fisting.
• Wash the sex toys when you want to use them.  And cover them with fresh condom.
• Having multiple sexual partners can also increase your risk of getting chancroid. If you are having sex with multiple partners, it’s even more important to use condoms and have regular STI tests.
• Discuss your sexual health with your partner. Knowing each other’s sexual health status can help you decide together how to have safer sex.
  

• HOMOEOPATHIC APPROACH IN CHANCROID:-
                                       In homoeopathy you can take treatment not only for your disease but for your whole body which means reoccurrence of disease is not possible if you choose homoeopathy for treatment. We provide a holistic and gentle cure for your disease.
 When we do slight alteration in our life style and diet & regimens, we can achieve our past healthy life. Some facts about homoeopathic medicines are as follows:-
Homoeopathic medicines are effective and gentle in every aspect.
Medicines are safe for every age group even for pregnant and infants.
There is no resistance in homoeopathic medicines.
In homoeopathic mode of treatment, medicines are in very much minute form which means there are no side effects such as allopathic medicines.

There are so many homoeopathic medicines for Chancroid. We can provide you best plan of treatment with diet plans as your body type. Some of them are as follows:-
1. Alumina
2. Arsenicum album
3. Bryonia
4. Calc carb
5. Cuprum met
6. Gelsemium 
7. Hydrastis 
8. Lycopodium
9. Nitric acid
10. Platina 
11. Pulsatilla
12. Rhus Tox
13. Sarsaparilla 
14. Sepia
15. Silicea.
16. Staphysagria
17. Sulphur 
18. Tellurium 
19. Thuja 
20. Tribulus Tre and many more.

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